U.S. inflation rate in 1931: -8.98%

Inflation in 1931 and its effect on dollar value

$1 in 1930 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $0.91 in 1931. The dollar had an average deflation rate of -8.98% per year since 1930, producing a cumulative price change of -8.98%. Purchasing power increased by 8.98% in 1931 compared to 1930. On average, you would have to spend 8.98% less money in 1931 than in 1930 for the same item. This is an example of deflation.

This means that prices in 1931 are 8.98% lower than average prices since 1930, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index.

The inflation rate in 1930 was -2.34%. The inflation rate in 1931 was -8.98%. The 1931 inflation rate is lower compared to the average inflation rate of 3.31% per year between 1931 and 2024.

Inflation rate is calculated by change in the consumer price index (CPI). The CPI in 1931 was 15.20. It was 16.70 in the previous year, 1930. The difference in CPI between the years is used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to officially determine inflation. Because the 1931 CPI is less than 1930 CPI, negative inflation (also known as deflation) has occurred.


Inflation from 1930 to 1931
Average inflation rate-8.98%
Converted amount
$1 base
$0.91
Price difference
$1 base
$-0.09
CPI in 193016.700
CPI in 193115.200
Inflation in 1930-2.34%
Inflation in 1931-8.98%
$1 in 1930$0.91 in 1931

Recent USD inflation
Annual Rate, the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI
Download

Inflation by City

Inflation can vary widely by city, even within the United States. Here's how some cities fared in 1930 to 1931 (figures shown are purchasing power equivalents of $1):

New York experienced the highest rate of inflation during the 1 years between 1930 and 1931 (-6.88%).

Detroit, Michigan experienced the lowest rate of inflation during the 1 years between 1930 and 1931 (-11.81%).

Note that some locations showing 0% inflation may have not yet reported latest data.


Inflation by Country

Inflation can also vary widely by country. For comparison, in the UK £1.00 in 1930 would be equivalent to £0.96 in 1931, an absolute change of £-0.04 and a cumulative change of -4.05%.

In Canada, CA$1.00 in 1930 would be equivalent to CA$0.90 in 1931, an absolute change of CA$-0.10 and a cumulative change of -9.85%.

Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $-0.09 and total percent change of -8.98%.


Inflation by Spending Category

CPI is the weighted combination of many categories of spending that are tracked by the government. Breaking down these categories helps explain the main drivers behind price changes.

This chart shows the average rate of inflation for select CPI categories between 1930 and 1931.

Compare these values to the overall average of -8.98% per year:

CategoryAvg Inflation (%)Total Inflation (%)$1 in 1930 → 1931
Food and beverages0.000.001.00
Housing0.000.001.00
Apparel-10.25-10.250.90
Transportation0.000.001.00
Medical care0.000.001.00
Recreation0.000.001.00
Education and communication0.000.001.00
Other goods and services0.000.001.00

For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1930. This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category.



How to calculate inflation rate for $1, 1930 to 1931

Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1930 and 1931:

CPI in 1931 CPI in 1930
×
1930 USD value
=
1931 USD value

Then plug in historical CPI values. The U.S. CPI was 16.7 in the year 1930 and 15.2 in 1931:

15.216.7
×
$1
=
$0.91

$1 in 1930 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $0.91 in 1931.

To get the total inflation rate for the 1 years between 1930 and 1931, we use the following formula:

CPI in 1931 - CPI in 1930CPI in 1930
×
100
=
Cumulative inflation rate (1 years)

Plugging in the values to this equation, we get:

15.2 - 16.716.7
×
100
=
-9%

Comparison to S&P 500 Index

To help put this inflation into perspective, if we had invested $1 in the S&P 500 index in 1930, our investment would be nominally worth approximately $0.43 in 1931. This is a return on investment of -56.88%, with an absolute return of $-0.57 on top of the original $1.

These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account.

The compounding effect of inflation would account for -9.87% of returns ($-0.04) during this period. This means the inflation-adjusted real return of our $1 investment is $-0.53. You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $0 for most people.

Investment in S&P 500 Index, 1930-1931
Original AmountFinal AmountChange
Nominal$1$0.43-56.88%
Real
Inflation Adjusted
$1$0.47-52.62%

Information displayed above may differ slightly from other S&P 500 calculators. Minor discrepancies can occur because we use the latest CPI data for inflation, annualized inflation numbers for previous years, and we compute S&P price and dividends from January of 1930 to latest available data for 1931 using average monthly close price.

For more details on the S&P 500 between 1930 and 1931, see the stock market returns calculator.


Data source & citation

Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (CPI), established in 1913. Price index data from 1774 to 1912 is sourced from a historical study conducted by political science professor Robert Sahr at Oregon State University and from the American Antiquarian Society. Price index data from 1634 to 1773 is from the American Antiquarian Society, using British pound equivalents.

You may use the following MLA citation for this page: “Inflation Rate in 1931 | Inflation Calculator.” Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 12 Nov. 2024, https://www.officialdata.org/inflation-rate-in-1931.

Special thanks to QuickChart for their chart image API, which is used for chart downloads.

in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation.


Ian Webster

About the author

Ian Webster is an engineer and data expert based in San Mateo, California. He has worked for Google, NASA, and consulted for governments around the world on data pipelines and data analysis. Disappointed by the lack of clear resources on the impacts of inflation on economic indicators, Ian believes this website serves as a valuable public tool. Ian earned his degree in Computer Science from Dartmouth College.

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» Read more about inflation and investment.

Inflation from 1930 to 1931
Average inflation rate-8.98%
Converted amount
$1 base
$0.91
Price difference
$1 base
$-0.09
CPI in 193016.700
CPI in 193115.200
Inflation in 1930-2.34%
Inflation in 1931-8.98%
$1 in 1930$0.91 in 1931